Statement of Opposition to Shackling Pregnant Women

Statement of Opposition

Statement of Opposition to Shackling Pregnant Women and Girls in Correctional Facilities in Maryland

Across the country, pregnant women suffer undue health risks when they are shackled before, during, and while recovering from labor. In Maryland, handcuffs, leg shackles and belly chains are used to restrain pregnant women during transport and medical appointments.Even during active labor, women and girls incarcerated in Maryland may endure the pain and restricted movement from having their wrists and ankles chained to the rails of the hospital bed.

Maryland law does not even require correctional staff to consider input from medical staff when deciding whether to shackle a pregnant woman. Shackling pregnant women is permitted not only in Maryland’s state-run adult and juvenile facilities, but also in local detention centers where women are held awaiting trial, before they have been proven guilty of any crime.

Leading health and law enforcement authorities oppose the practice of shackling because it poses serious health risks to the pregnant woman and her baby. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association are all on record against the practice. In addition, the American Correctional Association, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the U.S. Marshals Service have all adopted policies to limit shackling of pregnant women.

Moreover, federal courts have expressly condemned the practice of shackling pregnant women in labor as violating the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

The need to ensure the safety and security of the public is important. But the evidence shows that as a practical matter, shackling pregnant women and girls in the name of safety and security is almost never justified. It is well documented that most incarcerated women have been convicted of nonviolent offenses. Supervision by correctional officers provides sufficient protection to the degree any risk exists. In fact, as ACOG notes, “no escape attempts have been reported among pregnant incarcerated women who were not shackled during childbirth.” The significant health risks of shackling are far greater than any risk to public safety.

In recognition of the harms of shackling pregnant women, a growing number of states prohibit or restrict shackling of pregnant prisoners. We urge state lawmakers to act now on behalf of women here in Maryland, by prohibiting the practice of shackling pregnant women and girls during transport, labor, delivery and recovery.

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Organizational Endorsements
American Civil Liberties Union
Power Inside
Women’s Law Center of Maryland, Inc.
Public Justice Center
Marian House, Inc.
Alternative Directions, Inc.
Health Care for the Homeless
Turn Around, Inc.
YWCA Greater Baltimore
Hopkins Feminists at Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore Student Harm Reduction Coalition at JHU
Women Involved in Learning & Leadership at UMBC
Maryland State Jericho Chapter
Marylanders United for Fairness for Females
2 God B The Glory
Baltimore Feminist Reading Group
The Young Democrats of Maryland
Not Just Skin
Birthing Hands of DC, LLC
National Advocates for Pregnant Women
Different Avenues, Inc.
Women With A Vision, Inc.
Chicago Legal Advocacy for Incarcerated Mothers
California Coalition for Women Prisoners
Our Bodies Ourselves
The Real Cost of Prisons Project 

Individual Endorsements
Judges, doctors, scholars, public health professionals, social workers, mothers, fathers, students, former prisoners, pregnant women, faith leaders, community members, former prisoners, and survivors of shackling from around the state of Maryland and the country.